Fast Multipole Gravity Lab

Solver telemetry

Particles–

FPS (EMA)–

FMM solve–

Quadtree nodes–

M2L interactions–

Sample force error–

Scene

Particles1024

FMM solver

Expansion order p3

Separation ratio η1.60

Leaf capacity32

Pipeline per frame: P2M → M2M (upward moments) · dual-tree traversal registers M2L far-field translations and exact P2P neighbor pairs · L2L (downward fields) · local ∇Φ evaluation + pairwise forces.

Physics

Gravity G0.65

Softening ε0.018

Timestep Δt0.0030

View

Particle trails

Quadtree overlay

Acceleration vectors

Auto sampled error